Mara Anaerobic ponds normally have a depth between 2m and 5m and function as open septic tanks with gas release to the atmosphere. The biochemical reactions which take place in anaerobic ponds are the same as those occurring in anaerobic digesters, with a first phase of acidogenesis and a second slower-rate of methanogenesis see Example 3. Ambient temperatures in hot-climate countries are conducive to these anaerobic reactions and expected BOD5 removals for different retention times in treating sewage have been given by Mara as shown in Table More recently, Gambrill et al.
Karen Brasher A herd of beef cattle graze on warm-season grasses. Photo by Rocky Lemus. The old adage, the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence, may have a new twist when it comes to cattle foraging.
As consumer interests for forage-finished beef increases in the United States, scientists in the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station are studying different forages and the effects on beef quality and taste.
Bermudagrass is the most common grass used to graze cattle in the southern United States due to its large biomass production. However, the prolific grass has little wildlife quality compared to native warm-season grasses. Indigenous to the southeastern United States, native warm-season grasses such as Indiangrass and bluestem provide superior wildlife habitat, however, there is minimal research on the quality of beef which graze on this forage.
Seventy-two steers were randomly allotted to nine pasture plots with three different forage treatments that included bermudagrass, Indiangrass, and a mix of native warm-season grasses.
Cattle were foraged-finished on tall fescue. Scientists simulated retail display conditions by placing cut steaks in Styrofoam trays, overwrapping with clear film and stored under lights in refrigerated conditions for nine days.
Testing was conducted every three days during the storage time. Of the variables tested by scientists in the laboratory, they found that fat percentage was greater in steaks from the Indiangrass treatment compared to steaks from the mixed native warm-season grass. Moisture percentage was greater in steaks from the bermudagrass treatment compared to the Indiangrass treatment.
No other differences in composition existed among the treatments. In a similar study that evaluated cattle which were grain-finished, there was a large difference in fat percentage and only a slight difference in moisture percentage, Williams added.
Overall, the steaks from all the treatments did not differ in color, pH and instrumental tenderness. Consumers rated beef steaks from all the treatments favorably indicating that beef from forage-finished cattle, fed native warm-season grass during the stocker phase and then finished on tall fescue was acceptable to consumers.
However, increased grain prices coupled with consumer demand have triggered the need for alternate feeding practices which can be utilized by farmers to reduce feeding costs. In the grain-finished study, steaks from the bermudagrass treatment had greater fat content and lower protein and moisture percentages compared to steaks from the Indiangrass and mixed native warm-season grasses.Oct 22, · KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends and events from the San Francisco Bay Area and beyond with its award-winning, multimedia reporting on .
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) yield and trace metals and organics uptake at high soil amendments rates of a Class B municipal biosolids. Hawkins, S. A., C. Borman, C. Burbage, and A. Myers. TexanOne – posted 06 July I have a question about St Augustine grass I want to throw out here for discussion and comments: In West Texas, we are experimenting and propagating some St Augustine grass varieties that seem to have some pretty extraordinary qualities.
If you've read Mark Twain's Tom Sawyer, then you are familiar with whitewash. I always thought of it as simply old-fashioned homemade paint, until I read Randy James's Why Cows Learn Dutch: and Other Secrets of the Amish Farm.
"The stone walls and wood ceiling are chalky from a thick coat of whitewash that is required by the milk inspector.
GM tall fescue grass, developed by Scotts, is cleared for cultivation. You can expect to find it not only at your local golf course, but possibly even on your neighbor’s lawn – ripe and green, and ready to infiltrate your non-GMO lawn with a simple breeze to scatter its seeds.
I found myself a experimentation of tall fescue in a near-constant cold My nose was almost always runny I remember at one point thinking to myself that it seemed I had had a Dr a experimentation of tall fescue Rogers- I have been fighting to a stand off with creeping charlie for about 5 years Would you please recomend something that.